Bill of Rights and Amendments Paper Essay Example for Free

Bill of Rights and Amendments Paper Essay The United States Constitution was ratified and made law September 17, 1789. For Americas yet-to-be history the Framers knew the Constitution had to have a way to grow and change with the people, and their needs. This paper will cover the amendment process, the need for the Bill of Rights, how the Bill of Rights has affected America, what the Bill of Rights have granted American’s, discuss the later amendments, and what effect the later amendments have had. Amendments In order for America to continue to grow and change with the needs of the people, the Constitution was created with an amendment process in Article V. Article V gives two ways in which the Constitution can be amended; first is by a two-thirds vote from both the House or Representatives and the Senate, it must be ratified by 38 of the50 states. To date this is the only method that has been used. Second method is to hold a Convention called for the sole purpose of amending and two-thirds of the state legislatures must attend. Then it must be ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures. The Constitution The Framers of the Constitution were specifically concerned with creating a charter for a working government, of the people, for the people, but the Constitution covered very few rights for the American citizen. During the secret convention of 1787,there was some opposition to the Constitution because it was viewed as not  having enough protections for Americas’ rights. â€Å"A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth† Jefferson, T (1787). Including an agreement to add immediately the Bill of Rights, gave way for the Constitution to be ratified. James Madison argued that a declaration of rights for the American people would help the judiciary branch protect individual rights. â€Å"They have given the right of man and fair discussion, and explained them in so clear and forcible manner as cannot fail to make a lasting impression† Washington, G. (1791). The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights has affected countless court cases on individual rights. Communities and states can become involved to push moral or financial standards on others, and the Bill of Rights stops neighbors, states, and the federal government from infringing on the rights of an individual. The Bill of Rights protects the civil liberties that Americans are granted with citizenship, but it also gives America something to strive to be. The Bill of Rights is an ideal, a powerful statement of what America is trying to be. Amendments beyond the Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights accounts for amendments one through ten. Each of the additional 17 amendments has come about because of clarification needed for the original mechanics of the first three articles or to ensure civil rights. Amendments 11,16, and 24 are for clarifications of Article III. Amendments 12, 17, 20, 22, 25, 26, and 27are for further clarification of Articles I and II. Amendment 23 is further clarification of Article I. Only six amendments are to provide or clarify civil rights, those are13, 14, 15, 18, 19, and 21. Amendment 18 is the only one ever repealed. As we take a deeper look at amendments 13,14, and 15 they were also known as the Reconstruction Amendments. After the Civil War in early 1865 amendment 13 to abolish slavery, was found to be lacking in clarification of what happened to the freed slaves, and the 14th amendment was proposed in 1866, to allow all slaves citizenship. After this the rights for freed Black men came into question, the 15th amendment was created, that race would not bar anyone from the right to vote. Effects of the Constitutional Amendments The amendments beyond the Bill of Rights have each come when needed for the political and changing human rights that America has faced in the past 224 years. Rights have been granted; laws passed and recalled when they were no longer applicable for the climate of what Americans wanted for themselves. Clarifications for the running of the United States government, what should happen in case of emergencies and representation of all citizens have come from a government for the people, by the people. Conclusion Article V of the United States Constitution provides for America to change. The Framers knew that a simple document that was black and white could not govern a people for all time. Our Constitution is alive; it grows with America, and allows changes to be made allowing it stay relevant

Free Argumentative Essays: Police Brutality :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Police Brutality Police work is dangerous. Sometimes police put in situations that excessive force is needed. But, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not, police brutality should be addressed. The use of excessive force may or may not be large problem, but it should be looked into by both the police and the public. For those people who feel racism is not a factor in causing the use of excessive force, here is a startling fact. In Tampa Bay, Florida, five men died while in the custody of the Tampa Bay police Department (C.C. 27). The thing is, the Tampa Bay Police Department is made up of mostly white officers, but of the five men who died, none where white. Four of the five men that died where African Americans, and the other man was a Mexican National. If the incident in Tampa Bay does not show a person racism, this event might. In New York City, an average of seven Latin Americans were killed a year between 1986 to 1989, but in 1990, that number increased greatly. In that year, twenty-three Latin Americans were killed by police gunfire. When asked how he felt about racism being involved in police brutality, Yussuf Naimkly of the University of Regina commented: "Excessive police force against blacks has always been tolerated, because as a formally enslaved minority African Americans are trapped in a cultural context specifically designed to inhibit their development and thus minimize their threat to white hegemony" (C.C. 72) Executive Director of Police Misconduct Lawyers Referral Service Karol Heppe commented, â€Å"Brutality against minorities is a daily occurrence in Los Angeles,† she says. â€Å"The difference this time is someone videotaped it (C.C. 36). Another shocking incident of police brutality occurred in Reynoldsberg, Ohio. A group of offices named themselves â€Å"S.N.A.T.† squad. This acronym stood for â€Å"Special Nigger Arrest Team† and they made it a point to harass African Americans whenever. â€Å"The number of people killed by police has gone down from the middle 1970's to the middle 1980's in major cities,† says Patrick V. Murphy, former head of police commissions in Detroit, New York, and Washington, D.C. (C.C. 17). Also, in Kansas City, Missouri, a police department there has 1,110 officers. Amazingly, the only received approximately 108 complaints from the public about those 1,100 officers. Adding to the belief that police brutality isn't a very big problem, most legal authorities and officials agree that the use of excessive force by police officers is going down. In fact, they say that they see brutality

Job Application Letter

I-2-10 Blok 1 Lorong Sierra Apartment PH I/3A Jalan Tuaran Menggatal 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah October 4, 2012 Ms Alicesia Yong IEC Group 987 Lorong Jering 2 Sunny Garden Mile 1. 5 Tuaran Road 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Dear Ms Alicesia I am writing in response to your advertisement in the JobStreet. com dated 2 October 2012. I am interested for applying the position of Administration Officer in your company. I am a fresh graduate from University Malaysia Sarawak with Human Resource Development’s bachelor degree.I am applying this position because the position requirements and my skills are a perfect match. During my studies in university I am being exposed to human resource roles in an organisation. I am trained with skills in handling administrative work not only for in managing people but also for documents. Beside that, neuroscience and human development phycology course which I have taken gave me advantages in understanding people better based on their ages and also pers onality.In addition, I have done some research in Institut Tabiran Awan Negara (INTAN) in purpose of making my self familiar working condition in managing people effectively in terms of training and development. Outcome of this research, I leaned skills in interaction with people and get chance to do events for the worker for dinner party and I received such a good complement by my managers. I would like to continue and develop my skills and knowledge in your company. I have worked on my communication skills in English during this event. I can promise that meeting with me will not be a waste of time.I can be contacted via email at [email  protected] com or my phone number 0168447028. I look forward to receiving reply from your company soon and I will be available to interview in start from 10 October until 20 October this year. Thank you. Sincerely Cheryl E. Gitom Encl. : Resume CHERYL E. GITOM I-2-10 Blok 1 Lorong Sierra Apartment PH I/3A Jalan Tuaran Menggatal 88450 Kota Kinabal u, Sabah ————————————————- 0168447028 Human Resource Education Bachelor of Science Degree in Human Resource Development, October 2011, University Malaysia Sarawak.Objective To help and assist administrative work and marketing activities IEC (School of English Language and Further Counselling Services) in an effective way. Management Skills Office skills * Office management, records management and also database administration. * Capable in event management and calendaring. * Clearly understand in documentation progress. Computer skills * Able to use Microsoft Offices such as Word and Publisher and analytic software, IBM SPSS. * Able to do web designing using Dreamweaver and FrontPage. Social skills Communicated effectively with departments to plan meeting and able to prepare event. * Help in coordinate recruitment events with high level standard. * Fluency in speaking Malay and English Language. Experiences Managing Christmas Event * Developing innovative PowerPoint presentation used by the Event Manager to market our company to outsider. * Helped the accounting section to monitor their expanses. * Communicated with other companies to raise some fund. * Entrusted by the leader to handle such a big money and ticketing issues. * Earned excellent marks for being the top seller for the event’s tickets.Involve in Management Research (Institut Tabiran Awam) * Working in group team to observe management of training for new recruits. * Created schedule and manage time for the training programme. * Recommended specific training activities. References Dr Norazila Abdul Aziz Senior Lecturer of  Department of Cognitive Science University Malaysia Sarawak Email:  [email  protected] unimas. my Phone: +6 082 – 581518 Nor Hasniah Ibrahim Lecturer of  Department of  Counselling University Malaysia Sarawak Email:  [email  protected] unimas. my Phone: +6 082 – 581532

Reduction Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Reduction involves a half-reaction in which a chemical species decreases its oxidation number, usually by gaining electrons. The other half of the reaction involves oxidation, in which electrons are lost. Together, reduction and oxidation form redox reactions (reduction-oxidation redox). Reduction may be considered the opposite process of oxidation. In some reactions, oxidation and reduction may be viewed in terms of oxygen transfer. Here, oxidation is the gain of oxygen, while reduction is the loss of oxygen. An old, less-common definition of oxidation and reduction examines the reaction in terms of protons or hydrogen. Here, oxidation is ​the loss of hydrogen, while reduction is the gain of hydrogen. The most accurate reduction definition involves electrons and oxidation number. Examples of Reduction The H ions, with an oxidation number of 1, are reduced to H2, with an oxidation number of 0, in the reaction: Zn(s) 2H(aq) → Zn2(aq) H2(g) Another simple example is the reaction between copper oxide and magnesium to yield copper and magnesium oxide: CuO Mg → Cu MgO Rusting of iron is a process that involves oxidation and reduction. Oxygen is reduced, while iron is oxidized. While its easy to identify which species are oxidized and reduced using the oxygen definition of oxidation and reduction, its harder to visualize electrons. One way to do this is to rewrite the reaction as an ionic equation. Copper(II) oxide and magnesium oxide are ionic compounds, while the metals are not: Cu2 Mg → Cu Mg2 The copper ion undergoes reduction by gaining electrons to form copper. The magnesium undergoes oxidation by losing electrons to form the 2 cation. Or, you can view it as magnesium reducing the copper(II) ions by donating electrons. Magnesium acts as a reducing agent. In the meantime, the copper(II) ions remove electrons from magnesium to form magnesium ions. The copper(II) ions are the oxidizing agent. Another example is the reaction that extracts iron from iron ore: Fe2O3 3CO → 2Fe 3 CO2 The iron oxide undergoes reduction (loses oxygen) to form iron while the carbon monoxide is oxidized (gains oxygen) to form carbon dioxide. In this context, iron(III) oxide is the oxidizing agent, which gives oxygen to another molecule. Carbon monoxide is the reducing agent, which removes oxygen from a chemical species. OIL RIG and LEO GER To Remember Oxidation and Reduction There are two acronyms that may help you keep oxidation and reduction straight. OIL RIG—This stands for Oxidation Is Loss and Reduction Is Gain. The species that is oxidized loses electrons, which are gained by the species that is reduced.LEO GER or Leo the lion says grr.—This stands for Loss of Electrons Oxidation while Gain of Electrons Reduction. Another way to remember which part of the reaction is oxidized and which is reduced is to simply recall reduction mean reduction in charge.